Classic Christmas Carols for ESL Classes

To use these Christmas Carols in English class, first, listen to a recording (or two) which you can easily find by searching on YouTube or other video sites with the title of the song. Print out the words, and follow along with the song. As you become more familiar with the words, start singing the along with the recording. Finally, sing the song as a class to bring in some Christmas spirit into the classroom. Another Christmas tradition is the reading of by Twas the Night Before Christmas by Clement C. Moore. Classic Christmas Songs Jingle BellsSilent NightJoy to the WorldThe First NoelWe Wish You a Merry ChristmasOh, Come All Ye FaithfulHark the Herald Angels SingWhat Child Is This?We Three KingsAuld Lang SyneAway in a MangerDeck The HallGod Rest You Merry, GentlemenHave Yourself a Merry Little ChristmasLo, How a Rose Eer BloomingO Christmas TreeRudolph the Red-Nosed ReindeerLullay Thou Little Tiny Child Singing Carols in Class: Suggestions for Teachers Find a good recording of the Christmas carol and play it for the class twice without any text. Just let the students listen and do their best to understand.Provided a printed version of the lyrics with gaps for keywords. Practice together as a class as a listening gap fill exercise.  As a class, brainstorm the words that are difficult to pronounce. Isolate the words and practice as minimal pairs with similar sounding words to help students understand differences in vowel sounds.  Choose a specific carol a few weeks before Christmas. Spend five or ten minutes in each class understanding, practicing and perfecting your carol. For larger classes, have students break up into smaller groups and learn different carols.If you are teaching young English learners, put on a small concert for the parents of children in your class. Choose three to five carols and perfect them as a class. After the last class before Christmas, put on a mini-concert for the parents.If your students are outgoin g, have a recital. Each student can choose a favorite carol and the class can sing for each other. Its fun, but a challenge!

Buffalo Soldiers African Americans on the Frontier

People of African descent have served in the American military since the Revolutionary War. In the nineteenth century, as the frontier expanded westward, elite unites of black soldiers were sent out to fight on the Plains. They became known as the Buffalo Soldiers, and helped to change the way America and the military looked at race. Did You Know? There is some question about where the term Buffalo soldiers came from; some say it was because of the texture of the black soldiers hair, and others believe it came from the woolly buffalo hide coats they wore in cold weather.In 1866, six all-black regiments were created to help control Native American activity on the Plains, and protect settlers, railroad crews, and wagon trains in the West.Buffalo Soldiers participated in many other military campaigns including the Spanish American War and both World Wars. History and Service During the Civil War, numerous black regiments were created by the Union, including the legendary 54th Massachusetts. Once the war ended in 1865, most of these units disbanded, and their men returned to civilian life. However, the following year, Congress decided to focus on some problems with westward expansion; as the frontier spread further out, there were more and more conflicts with Native Americans on the Plains. It was decided that even though America was no longer at war, military regiments needed to be mustered up and sent out west. Archive Photos / Getty Images Congress passed the Army Reorganization Act in 1866, and with it, created six brand-new all-black regiments, with both infantry and cavalry. They were tasked to protect settlers and wagon trains, as well as stagecoaches and railroad crews. In addition, they were assigned to help control the increasingly volatile conflict between white settlers and the local Native American population. It is estimated that 20% of the cavalry troops that fought in the Indian Wars were African Americans; the all-black regiments fought in at least 175 skirmishes in the two decades following the Civil War. At some point, these troops earned the nickname Buffalo Soldiers, although there is some question about the etymology of the name. One story is that one of the Native tribes—either the Cheyenne or the Apache—coined the phrase because of the texture of the African American soldiers hair, saying that it was similar to the wooly coat of the buffalo. Others say that it was bestowed upon them to mark their fighting ability, in honor of the buffalos fierce bravery. Although originally the term was used to designate these post-Civil War western units, it soon became a catch-all phrase representing all black troops. The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images There were two cavalry units, the 9th and 10th, and four infantry regiments that were eventually consolidated into just two, the 24th and 25th. The 9th Cavalry began mustering recruits in August and September 1866, training in New Orleans, and was then sent to Texas to watch over the road from San Antonio to El Paso. Native American tribes in the area were restless and angry about being forcibly sent to reservations, and there had been attacks on settlers and cattle drives. Meanwhile, the 10th Cavalry mustered at Fort Leavenworth, but it took longer to build than the 9th. Historians agree that this is because while the 9th took any man who could ride a horse, the commander of the 10th, Colonel Benjamin Grierson, wanted educated men in his unit. During the summer of 1867, coming right on the heels of a cholera outbreak, the 10th began working to secure the construction of the Pacific Railroad, which was under near-constant attack from the Cheyenne. Both cavalry units were heavily involved with skirmishes against Native Americans. Near the Red River in Texas, the 9th fought against the Comanche, the Cheyenne, the Kiowa, and the Arapahoe before the 10th was finally ordered in from Kansas to help. Buffalo Soldiers soon distinguished themselves for bravery. Troops from the 10th rescued a stranded officer and his scouts who were trapped during a skirmish, and the infantry fought so bravely that they were formally thanked in a field order from General Philip Sheridan. By the 1880s, the Buffalo Soldiers had helped quash much of the Native American resistance, and the 9th was sent to Oklahoma. In an odd reversal, their job there was to keep white settlers from making their homes on Native land. The 10th made their way to Montana, to round up Cree tribes. When the Spanish-American War began in the 1890s, both cavalry units and the two consolidated infantry regiments relocated to Florida. Over the next several decades, Buffalo Soldiers served in conflicts all over the world, although in many cases, they were prohibited from engaging in actual combat, because racial discrimination continued. Still, in the last three decades of the nineteenth century, an estimated 25,000 black men served, making up around 10% of the total army personnel. Prejudice in the Military Up through World War II, racial discrimination was still standard operating procedure in the United States military. Buffalo soldiers stationed in white communities were often met with violence, to which they were forbidden to respond. Often, black soldiers on the frontier encountered white settlers who still carried with them the pro-slavery sentiments of the pre-Civil War South. Because of this, they were often ordered to remain west of the Mississippi. Transcendental Graphics / Getty Images Despite all of this, the men known as the Buffalo Soldiers had a far lower rate of desertion and court-martial than their white contemporaries. A number of Buffalo Soldiers were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in recognition of their bravery in combat. Regiments in the army were still separated by skin color during the early part of the twentieth century, and during World War I, President Woodrow Wilson ordered that black regiments should be excluded from the American Expeditionary Force and placed under French command for the duration of the war. This was the first time in history that any American troops had been placed in the command of a foreign power. It wasnt until 1948 that President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which eliminated racial segregation in the armed forces. The last of the all-black units was disbanded in the 1950s, and when the Korean War began, black and white soldiers served together in integrated units. Today, there are monuments and museums celebrating the legacy of the Buffalo Soldiers throughout the American West. Mark Matthews, the last living buffalo soldier in the United States, died in 2005; he was 111 years old. Sources Bemoses. â€Å"Who Are The Buffalo Soldiers.†Ã‚  Buffalo Soldiers National Museum, buffalosoldiermuseum.com/who-are-the-buffalo-soldiers/.Editors, History.com. â€Å"Buffalo Soldiers.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 7 Dec. 2017, www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/buffalo-soldiers.Hill, Walter. â€Å"The Record - March 1998.†Ã‚  National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, www.archives.gov/publications/record/1998/03/buffalo-soldiers.html.Leckie, William H., and Shirley A. Leckie.  Buffalo Soldiers A Narrative of the Black Cavalry in the West. University of Oklahoma Press, 2014.â€Å"The Proud Legacy of the Buffalo Soldiers.†Ã‚  National Museum of African American History and Culture, 8 Feb. 2018, nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/proud-legacy-buffalo-soldiers.

The Do This, Get That Guide On Websites That Write Papers for You

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Love A Chemical Equation Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Love: A Chemical Equation Essay, Research Paper The five major theoretical positions in psychological science are biological, acquisition, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural positions. Each one of these positions hunts for replies about behaviour through different techniques and through looking for replies to different sorts of inquiries. Due to the different attacks, each position form their ain premises and accounts. Some positions are widely accepted while others struggle for credence. Biological position # 8220 ; The premiss behind the biological position in psychological science is that all actions, feelings, and ideas are associated with bodily events. # 8221 ; Biological psychologists analyze how all of the electrical urges, endocrines, and chemicals fluxing through the organic structure can consequence behaviour and how alterations to these bodily maps can alter behavior. They are concerned with how the facets of biological science consequence peoples # 8217 ; emotions, larning abilities, and their perceptual experience of events. One of the major theories of biological psychological science is that # 8220 ; We can non cognize ourselves if we do non cognize our bodies. We will write a custom essay sample on Love A Chemical Equation Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; Through application of this theory, biological psychologists strive to understand the relationship between the head and organic structure and they influence illness or wellness. It is believed that hapless wellness can take to negative attitudes while hapless attitudes can take to hapless wellness. Biological psychologists research and analyze the correlativity of this theory in an effort to assist work out some mental and emotional jobs. Learning Perspective The Hagiographas and findings of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner have done much for the promotion of modern psychological science. Many of the of import findings in psychological science from their theory of behaviourism, subsequently germinating into the social-learning theory or cognitive social-learning theory. Advocates of the larning perspective think that mentalism should be abandoned for behaviourism. Psychologists should concentrate on observation and direct measuring instead concentrating on self-contemplation. Behaviorists believed that actions were responses to stimuli that were learned. The basic construct was that positive responses would be triggered by good stimulations while negative responses would could from bad stimulations. Actions that would bring forth positive consequences tended to repeated, while those that led to negative consequences tended to be avoided. This construct led to a widening of psychological science. Many groups that were frequently overlooked by psychologists were being discovered and observed. Behavior became the dominant school of psychological science in the U.S. until the 1960 # 8217 ; s. Adversaries to this attack were repulsed by the construct that humans did non believe or experience, but merely thought that they did. Nonbehaviorists and behaviourists parted company. Behaviorists believed that feelings could non explicate behavior. Out of behaviourism came the societal larning theory, which taught that in add-on to behavior, imitation and observation led to larning. Cognitive Perspective The cognitive position of psychological science focal points on the thought procedure. Psychologists from this school argue that it is necessary to cognize what is traveling on in the head to to the full understand why a individual will make the things that they do. By detecting behaviour, psychologists try to construe what thought procedure led to the action. Critics who disapprove of this theory do so on the footing that in add-on to perceptual experiences, external forces must besides be taken into consideration. The aim of cognitive psychological science is to understand how perceptual experiences and readings relate to behavior. Why is that one individual will turn to violence when insulted while another individual will do alibis for that individual instead than moving violently. Through the usage of computing machines, research informations can be farther analyzed to detect the idea procedure used in behaviour and in some cases, plans can even be written to assist understand how worlds will respond in certain state of affairss. Psychodynamic Perspective Many critics of the psychodynamic position do non believe that this school of psychological science has any bearing on academic psychological science. Chiefly based upon the fact that many of the depth psychology premises could non be verified, research psychologist was more related to doctrine instead than clinical scientific discipline. Though non every bit scientific as the other positions, the psychodynamic position is none the less still associated with psychological science. When Sigmund Freud released his book The Interpretation of Dreams, it was met with really small success ; but it finally provided the foundation for depth psychology. Psychoanalysis contends that impulses and ideas live in the unconscious and manifest themselves in events during normal mundane life. The end of depth psychology is to delve into the unconscious to happen the beginning of the perturbations. Concerned more with therapy than scientific observation and research, psychodynamic psychologists probe the head to happen events, normally from childhood, that manifest feelings of fright, force, love, etc. Aggressive feelings, or even sexual feelings, are located in this unconsciousness ; and regardless of what a individual does, they will come out during normal activities. By happening the root of these feelings, it can be understood why a individual may move the manner that they do. Besides by detecting these events, it may be possible to assist people channel the energy in a positive manner or work out the job. Sociocultural Perspective Unlike the other positions, the sociocultural position dressed ores on an single # 8217 ; s or persons # 8217 ; civilization or society instead than the person. To understand why people tend to demo certain behavior traits, psychologists look at what effects the individual # 8217 ; s community might hold on their thought procedure. Some of the inquiries pondered are if a individual behaves a certain manner to be accepted or commits an act because it is accepted amongst their society. They chiefly study how other people impact a individual. Some surveies look at how male and female functions relate to their several emotion or how occupation position relates to their aspirations. In this perspective force does non shack in inherent aptitudes or encephalon moving ridges, but alternatively, in cultural regulations and political agreements. These five positions are similar in that all try to find what cause certain behavior traits, though they all approach their accounts otherwise. The biological and cognitive positions both look at the physiological facets of behaviour. The acquisition and sociocultural positions look at how society affects a individual # 8217 ; s behaviour. With the exclusion of the psychodynamic position, the other subjects focus on a scientific attack, many of their theories being able to be tested for truth. Each of these positions has their strong protagonists every bit good as their strong critics. Regardless of sentiment, these are the chief positions and more than probably a psychologist has roots in one of these psychological positions.